AHAs, BHAs and PHAs

What are AHAs, BHAs and PHAs?

All three are chemical exfoliants that help exfoliate the skin, meaning that they help in unclogging pores, appearance of blackheads, whiteheads, removing dead skin cells from the top skin surface. Each acid has different ways of exfoliating, but in different ways and for different skin concerns.

BHA (Beta Hydroxy Acid) is a type of chemical exfoliant that is oil-soluble, meaning it can penetrate deep into pores to dissolve excess oil and dead skin cells. The most common BHA in skincare is salicylic acid, which is derived from willow bark. Because of its ability to clear out clogged pores and reduce oil production, BHA is ideal for oily and acne-prone skin. AHAs (Alpha Hydroxy Acids) are water-soluble acids that work on the surface layer of the skin, making them great for brightening and improving skin texture. They are best for dry, dull, or sun-damaged skin. PHAs (Polyhydroxy Acids) are larger molecules than AHAs, meaning they penetrate more slowly and exfoliate gently. They are hydrating and less irritating, making them ideal for sensitive or dry skin.

Which One Should You Choose?

• AHA → If you need brightening, anti-aging, and smoother texture.

• BHA → If you have oily, acne-prone skin with clogged pores.

• PHA → If you have sensitive skin and want gentle exfoliation + hydration

If your skin is able to tolerate all 3 types of exfoliants, you may use products containing all 3 (see below for products) for best results. But bear in mind that exfoliation is recommended at most 2 times per week. Overuse may lead to irritation.

Common AHAs:

• Glycolic Acid – Strongest AHA, best for anti-aging & exfoliation.

• Lactic Acid – Milder, great for hydration & sensitive skin.

• Mandelic Acid – Gentle, good for acne-prone skin & hyperpigmentation.

• Citric Acid – Helps brighten skin & improve tone.

Common BHAs:

• Salicylic Acid

• Betaine Salicylate (Gentler Alternative to Salicylic Acid)

• Willow Bark Extract (Natural BHA Source)

Common PHAs:

• Gluconolactone – Hydrating & antioxidant-rich.

• Lactobionic Acid – Gentle exfoliant & moisture-retaining.

• Galactose – Helps with skin renewal.

How to Use in Skincare

• Cleanser types – Provides mild daily exfoliation.

• Toners & Exfoliating Liquid types – For deeper pore-clearing (e.g., Paula’s Choice 2% BHA Liquid).

• Serums & Treatment types – Stronger formulas for stubborn acne and clogged pores.

💡 Important Notes:

• Recommended as part of nighttime routine.

• Do not use with other active ingredients such as retinol or other acid. You can leave exfoliating as the only treatment step in your pm routine.

• Use 1-2 times a week to avoid over-exfoliation.

• Always wear sunscreen Can make skin more sensitive to the sun

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